摘要: 英语中有许多琐碎知识颇难记忆，但是我们可以根据其汉语意义和谐音等，把这些语法、句法、篇章结构等知识编成有意思的速记口诀，让我们轻松又牢固地记住他们。

口诀：逻辑主谓用现分，逻辑动宾用过分； 没有逻辑用独立，分谓同时一般式；分前谓后完成体，正在被动being done。

解读 : 分谓同时一般式指分词的动作与谓语动作同时发生就用分词的一般式; 分前谓后完成体指分词的动作先于谓语的动作发生时就用分词的完成式。

点津：1. While watching television, __________. ( NMET全国卷III )

A. the doorbell rang B.the doorbell rings

C. we heard the doorbell ring D. we heard the doorbell rings

解析：答案选C。句子的主语we也是现在分词短语watching television的逻辑主语，While watching television是While we were watching television的省略形式。此外，根据“hear sb. do sth.”结构，可以判断句后用原形动词ring作heard的宾语补足语。

2.Having been attacked by the terrorists, __________. ( NMET上海卷 )

　　A. doctors came to their rescues B. the tall building collapsed

　　B. an emergency measure was taken D. warnings were given to tourists

解析：答案选B。句子的主语the tall building也是句首现在分词短语的逻辑主语，Having been ayyacked by teerorisys作时间状语，相当于时间状语从句After it ( = the tall buiolding ) had been attacked by terrorists。

3.In order to improve English, ________.( 上海春 )

A. Jenny’s father bought her a lot of tapes B. Jenny bought a lot of tapes for herself

C. A lot of tapes were bought by Jenny D. A lot of tapes were bought by Jenny’s father

解析：答案选B。句子的主语Jenny应是动词不定式短语to improve English的逻辑主语，而这个不等式短语又是bought…for herself的目的状语。

4.Given more attention, ________. ( 湖北卷 )

A. we could have grown the tree better B. the tree could have grown better

C.and the tree could have grown better D. and we could have grown the tree better

解析：答案选B。在分词短语和句子主体结构之间不用任何连词，所以应首先排除C和D项。句子的主语the tree 也是句首过去分词短语Given more attention的逻辑主语。从句中could have grown看，句子含虚拟语气，Given more attention可转化为假设条件从句If it ( = the tree ) had given more attention。

5.When completed, ______. ( 山西卷 )

A. people will go and visit the museum next year B. the city will have a new museum next year

C.the museum will beto the public next year D. many things will be on display in the museum next year

解析：答案选C。句子的主语the museum也是过去分词completed 的逻辑主语，When completed是被动式时间状语从句When the museum is completed的省略形式。

6.Not having received her answer, ____. ( NMET江苏卷 )

A. he decided toto her again B. her letter must have been lost

C.the postman could not have given him her letter D. another letter was sent to her

解析：答案选A。句子的主语he也是否定式现在分词短语Not having received her letter的逻辑主语。

( to be continued )