重点词汇1．castle n．城堡2．input n．输入的信息;投入 vt.输入(信息)3．capacity n．领悟(或理解、办事)能力;容量，容积;职位，职责;生产量4．analyse vt.分析

5．massive adj.巨大的，大而重的;非常严重的6．breakthrough n．重大进展，突破 adj.突破性的7．murder vt.& n．谋杀，凶杀8．apparently adv.显然，可见

9．victim n．受害者，牺牲品;受骗者;祭品10．alternative n．可供选择的事物 adj.可供替代的;非传统的11．theft n．偷窃，偷窃罪12．decrease vt.& vi.减少，降低

n．减少，降低13．deny vt.否认，否定;拒绝承认，拒绝接受14．quantity n．数量;大量15．highlight n．最好(或最精彩)的部分 vt.突出，强调;使醒目16．bury vt

.埋藏;埋葬，安葬;覆盖;遮盖;使陷入17．contemporary adj.当代的，现代的;属同时期的，同一时代的 n．同代人，同辈人18．definition n．定义;释义，解释19．barrier

n．障碍，阻力;屏障，障碍物;分界线，隔阂20．annoy vt.使恼怒，使生气;打扰，骚扰词汇拓展1．financen．财政，金融;资金;财力，财务管理 vt.提供资金→financialadj.金融的;财政的，财务的

2．threatenvt.危及，对……构成威胁;威胁，恐吓→threatn．威胁，恐吓3．crimen．罪，罪行;犯罪活动→criminaln．罪犯4．urgevt.敦促，催促;大力推荐，竭力主张;驱赶，鞭策

n．冲动，强烈的欲望→urgentadj.紧急的;急迫的5．demandvt.需要;强烈要求 n．要求，所需之物;需求，需要→demandingadj.(工作)要求高的，费力的;(人)苛求的6．greedy

adj.贪心的，贪婪的→greedn．贪婪，贪心7．recognitionn．识别，认出;承认，认可;赞誉，赏识→recognizevt.认出，识别;承认8．distributionn．分发，分送;分配，分布→

distributevt.分配;散布;分开;把……分类9．predictvt.预言，预告→predictionn．预报;预言10．concludevt.& vi.断定，推断出;达成，订立;(使)结束，终止→

conclusionn．结论;结局;推论11．justifiedadj.合乎情理的，事出有因的;有正当理由的→justifyvt.证明……正当;替……辩护12．engagevt.& vi.吸引住(注意力、兴趣等);雇佣，聘用;与……建立密切关系→

engagement n．婚约;约会;诺言13．optimisticadj.乐观的，抱乐观看法的→optimismn．乐观;乐观主义14．globen．球体，球状物;地球仪;地球，世界→globaladj

.全球的;总体的;球形的15．envyn．& vt.羡慕，忌妒→enviousadj.羡慕的;嫉妒的重点词组1．空中楼阁，幻想，空想castles in the air2．略举几例to name but a few

3．受伤，受损，被害fall victim to4．强行闯入，撬开;突然开始(笑、唱等);顺利打入break into5．come true实现6．be capable of doing sth.有能力做某事

7．put forward提出;放出;拨快8．amounts of大量的9．in short总之;简言之10．become/be dependent on依靠11．大量，大批in large quantities

12．暗中监视，窥探spy on13．处于最前列，进入重要地位at the forefront of14．许多，大量a host of15．归结为，基本问题是boil down to16．大量地like weeds

17．在牺牲(或损害)……的情况下at the expense of18．interact with与……相互作用;与……互动19．a variety of多种多样的20．be optimistic about

对……感到乐观重点句型1．众所周知，铁不与水发生反应(as引导的非限制性定语从句)As is known to us all，iron doesn’t react with water.2．使我惊奇的是，这个三岁的男孩能凭记忆背诵整首诗。

(what引导主语从句)What amazed me was that the threeyearold boy was able to recite the whole poem from memory.

3．他们上气不接下气地赶到公司，结果却被告知他们被解雇了(不定式作结果状语)They reached the company out of breath，only to be told that they were fired.。

4．过了一会儿，她为她开始时的行为道歉(the way作先行词的定语从句)After a while，she apologized for the way(that/in which) she behaved at the beginning.。

5．星期六早上收拾好行李后，我和同学们乘公共汽车去了目的地(现在分词的完成式作状语)Having packed up my luggage on Saturday morning，I headed for the destination with my classmates by bus.。

知识精讲1. input /ˈɪnpʊt/ n. 输入的信息;投入vt. (input, input) 输入(信息) (44)【原句背诵】One of the essential aims of AI is to develop

computer intelligence capable of learning from experience, adjusting to new inputs and performing tasks like humans.

【拓展】input (into/to sth)/(of sth) 投入资源(指时间、知识、思想等);投入;输入to input text/data/figures 把文本╱数据╱数字输【反义词】output n. 输出，输出量;产量;出产 vt. 输出

【误区】input的现在分词是 inputting，过去式input或inputted，过去分词 input或inputtedIt’s up to the teacher to provide a variety of types of input in the classroom. 教师负责在课堂上提供各种各样的信息资源。

There has been a big input of resources into the project from industry. 工业界对这个项目投入了大量资源Her specialist input to the discussions has been very useful. 她在这些讨论中提供的专家建议很有助益。

The computer acts as a word processor where the text of a speech can be input at any time.计算机起着文字处理器的作用，一篇讲话的文本可随时输入。

2. analyse /ˈænəlaɪz/ vt. (AmE analyze) 分析(44)【原句背诵】Deep-learning AI has the capacity to analyse massive amounts of data through multiple layers, imitating the complex networks of the human brain.

【拓展】analysis n. 分析;分解;验定(复数形式analyses)make an analysis of分析……analyst n. 分析者;分解者;精神分析医师analytical adj. 分析的;分解的

McCarthy was asked to analyse the data from the first phase of trials of the vaccine. 麦卡西被要求分析从这种疫苗试验的第一阶段取得的数据。

3. breakthrough /ˈbreɪkθruː/ n. 重大进展，突破adj. 突破性的 (45)【原句背诵】However, for a long time, AI technology developed very slowly. A major breakthrough in AI came in 1997, when Deep Blue, a chess- playing computer, beat the world chess champion Garry Kasparov.

【拓展】to make/achieve a breakthrough 作出╱取得突破性进展a significant breakthrough in negotiations 谈判中的重大突破a major breakthrough in cancer research 癌症研究中的重要突破

The Huawei Company looks poised(镇定的) to make a significant breakthrough in 5G-tech in China. 在中国，华为公司一定会在5G技术方面实现一次重大突破。

Scientists are claiming a major breakthrough in the fight against cancer. 科学家们宣称攻克癌症已有重大的突破Not long after that, Perkin made the scientific breakthrough that would bring him both fame and fortune. 在那之后不久，Perkin 取得了科学上的突破，这给他带来了名声和财富。

China has made a breakthrough in hybrid rice, which can grow as high as 2 meters. 中国在杂交水稻上取得了突破，这种水稻可以长到2米高。

4. finance /ˈfaɪnæns; faɪˈnæns/ n. 财政，金融;资金;财力，财务管理 vt. 提供资金 (45)5. to name but a few(表示列举)等等 (45)【原句背诵】

Nowadays, AI is already being applied in many fields: finance, health care, natural language processing and art, to name but a few.

【拓展】financial adj. 金融的;财政的，财务的financier n. 金融家，理财家，财政家;投资家，(为项目或企业)提供资金者Finance for education comes from taxpayers. 教育经费来自纳税人。

The report recommends an overhaul of public finances. 这份报告建议对公共财政进行彻底检查The fund has been used largely to finance the construction of schools in remote areas. 该基金大部分已用于资助建造偏远地区的学校。

Activities available include volleyball, shooting and swimming to name but a few.就举几个例子吧，所设的活动项目包括排球、射击和游泳。

Bees, bats and rodents, to name but a few, can see what humans can’t - ultraviolet light.我们列举几种如蜜蜂，蝙蝠和啮齿动物等，它们可以看到人类看不到的紫外线。

6. threaten /ˈθretn/ vt. 危及，对…构成威胁;威胁，恐吓 (45)【参考词条38】【原句背诵】Would thinking machines work alongside humans or threaten the existence of humans?

【拓展】threat n. 威胁，恐吓threatened adj. 受到威胁的; v. 威胁(threaten的过去分词)threatening adj. 危险的;胁迫的;凶兆的; v. 威胁;恐吓;迫近(threaten的ing形式)

【误区】threatened表示“被动”意义，threatening表示“主动”意义Humans also threaten carnivorous plants in other ways. 人类还以其他方式对食肉植物产生威胁。

It’s neither aliens nor a rare disease that will threaten the human race in the future, but climate change. 未来威胁人类的不是外星人，也不是罕见的疾病，而是气候变化。

He was threatened with dismissal if he continued to turn up late for work. 他受到警告，如果继续上班迟到，就被辞退Plastics pollution is threatening marine life. 塑料污染正危及海洋生物。

7. commit /kəˈmɪt/ vt. 犯(罪);承诺，保证;花(钱或时间)vi. 全身心投入，忠于 (45)8. crime /kraɪm/ n. 罪，罪行;犯罪活动 (45)9. murder /ˈmɜːdə(r)/ vt. & n. 谋杀，凶杀 (45)

【原句背诵】How would they be punished if they committed crimes or even murdered humans?【拓展】commit a crime 做出(错或非法的事);犯(罪或错等)

commit murder etc. 犯凶杀罪等commit sb/oneself (to sth/to doing sth) 承诺，保证(做某事、遵守协议或遵从安排等)commitment n. 承诺，保证;委托;承担义务;献身;花费金钱、时间、人力等

【误区】在be committed to中，to是介词，其后要接名词、代词或动词-ing形式People who commit such crimes aren’t normal.犯这种罪的人心理不正常。

Perhaps the prime reason is that drug addicts may commit crimes when they are in short of money. 或许最主要的原因是有毒瘾的人在缺钱的时候可能会犯罪。

Soon after, she knew she had to make a bold move to fully commit to her new future. 不久之后，她知道她必须做出大胆的举动，以充分投入于她的新未来。

The President is committed to reforming health care. 总统承诺要改革卫生保健制度10. urge /ɜːdʒ/ vt. 敦促，催促;大力推荐，竭力主张;驱赶，鞭策n. 冲动，强烈的欲望 (45)。

【原句背诵】As we become more and more dependent on computers, some scientists are urging us to think about the dangers posed by the advances in AI.

【拓展】urge sth (on/upon sb) 大力推荐;竭力主张urge sb to do sth敦促某人做某事have an urge to do sth做某事的欲望urgency n. 紧急;催促;紧急的事

The situation is dangerous, and the UN is urging caution. 局势岌岌可危，联合国力主谨慎行事The representatives urged Congress to approve plans for their reform programme. 代表敦促国会批准他们有关改革项目的计划。

Tom had an urge to open a shop of his own on the Internet. 汤姆很想开一家自己的网店11. demand /dɪˈmɑːnd/ vt. 需要;强烈要求。

n. 要求，所需之物;需求，需要 (45)【原句背诵】Apparently, such warnings demand our attention.【拓展】a demand for…需要……in demand 非常需要的;受欢迎的

to meet/satisfy their customers’ demands 满足客户要求to meet the demand for a product 满足对某产品的需求supply and demand供求

demand to do sth要求做某事demand sth of/from sb要求某人某物demand that …(should) do sth要求做某事【误区1】不能用demand sb to do sth结构。

【误区2】在demand that…结构中，that引导的从句谓语动词要使用虚拟语气，即(should) +动词原形，其中should可以省略Human rights groups are demanding an investigation into the shooting. 人权组织正强烈要求对这一枪击案进行调查。

He said the task of reconstruction would demand much patience, hard work, and sacrifice. 他说重建工作会需要高度坚韧、勤劳和奉献。

There’s an increased demand for organic produce these days. 目前对有机农产品有更大的需求They are demanding that all troops (should) be withdrawn. 他们强烈要求所有部队撤离。

12. alternative /ɔːlˈtɜːnətɪv/ n. 可供选择的事物adj. 可供替代的;非传统的 (47)【原句背诵】It offers a quick and cool alternative to traditional passwords, and you cannot forget your own face!

【拓展】an alternative method of doing sth 做某事的其他方法alternative energy(the energy from the sun, wind, water, etc.) 替代能源(指太阳能、风能、水能等)

have no alternative/choice but to do sth别无选择A safer alternative is exercise, such as taking a long walk. 更安全的选择是锻炼，比如散步。

We had no alternative but to fire Gibson. 我们别无他法，只有辞退吉布森There is a vegetarian alternative on the menu every day. 每天的菜单上另有素食餐点。

There were alternative methods of travel available. 有另外的旅行方式可采用13. break into 强行闯入，撬开;突然开始(笑、唱等);顺利打入 (47)。

【原句背诵】Moreover, there is growing concern that we might (6) fall victim to this technology, as there are cases in which hackers have broken into facial recognition systems by using people’s social media photos to build models of their faces.

【拓展】break into pieces 成为碎片break into tears 突然哭起来，放声大哭break into laughter 哄堂大笑; 突然大笑break through 突破;突围;有重要创见

break up 打碎，破碎;结束;解散;衰落break down 分解;发生故障;失败;毁掉;制服break out v. 爆发;突发break in 打断;闯入;训练;使逐渐习惯break away 脱离;放弃;逃跑

break away from vt. 放弃;脱离……break off 折断;突然停止，暂停break out of 摆脱(束缚等);突破…break up with 跟…分手;与…断绝关系【误区】break into后要接名词;break in不能接名词;break out后要接动词-ing形式。

break into a bank闯入银行break into tears=break out cryingbreak into laughter=break out laughingThe best way to break into a business is to offer new products or processes. 开办公司切入市场最好的方法就是提供新的产品和新的工艺技能。

Hearing this, all of us including my uncle break into laughter. 听到这里，我们所有的人，包括舅舅都忍不住大笑起来To make things worse, when two objects in space crash, they break into many smaller pieces. 更糟糕的是，当两个物体在太空中相撞时，它们会分裂成许多更小的碎片。

After months of sending out resumes, Tom finally breaks into the working world. 经过几个月投递简历，汤姆终于找到了工作14. distribution /ˌdɪstrɪˈbjuːʃn/ n. 分发，分送;分配，分布 (48)

【原句背诵】At the moment, delivery drones are mainly used for military action or disaster relief, like the distribution of medicines during emergencies, especially to places that are hard to reach by other means of transport.

【拓展】distribution costs 经销成本the unfair distribution of wealth 财富分配不公the distribution of food and medicines to the flood victims 向遭受洪灾的灾民分发食品和药物

【拓展】distribute vt. 分配;散布;分开;把…分类distribute sth to …把……分配给……distributed adj. 分布式的，分散式的distributor n. 分销商;分配器

The map shows the distribution of this species across the world. 地图上标明了这一物种在全世界的分布情况The researchers are studying the。

geographical distribution of COVID-19 viruses. 科研人员正在研究新冠病毒的地域分布情况The distribution of resources is unbalanced between rural and urban schools. 农村学校与城市学校的资源分配不平衡。

15. predict /prɪˈdɪkt/ vt. 预言，预告 (48)【原句背诵】It can be predicted that before long people willbe using drones to deliver daily supplies like food and drink.

【拓展】a reliable method of predicting earthquakes 预报地震的可靠方法prediction n. 预报;预言predictable adj. 可预言的predictive adj. 预言性的;成为前兆的

unpredictable adj. 不可预知的;不定的;出乎预料的It is impossible to predict what will happen in the future. 预知未来的事是不可能的。

The latest opinion polls are predicting a very close contest. 最新的民意测验预言一场势均力敌的竞赛Weather forecasts predict more hot weather, gusty winds, and lightning strikes. 气象预报预测将有更多炎热、大风，和雷电天气。

It was predicted that prices for real estate would continue to fall. 据预报，房地产价格将继续下降16. decrease /dɪˈkriːs/ vt. & vi. 减少，降低。

/ˈdiːkriːs/ n. 减少，降低 (48)【原句背诵】Just enter a destination, and the drones will fly the passengers where they want to go. This could not only save time, but also greatly decrease road traffic.

【拓展】on the decrease 在减少中decrease by 减少了…decrease to 减少到【同义词】reduce vt. 减少;降低;使处于;把…分解 vi. 减少;缩小;归纳为 reduction n. 减少;下降;缩小;还原反应

decline n. 下降;衰退;斜面 vi. 下降;衰落;谢绝vt. 谢绝;婉拒【反义词】increase v. 增加;增大;提高;增强 n. 增加;增多;增长Population growth is decreasing by 1.4% each year, so the country is strongly advocating a third-child policy. 人口增长率每年下降1.4%，因此国家大力提倡第三胎政策。

A decrease in face-to-face social contact can bring about depression. 面对面社交接触的减少会导致抑郁In Spain and Portugal there has been a decrease in the number of young people out of work. 在西班牙和葡萄牙，失业青年人数已经有所下降。

The number of poor men is on the decrease as the economy is growing. 随着经济发展，贫困人口数量正在减少17. deny /dɪˈnaɪ/ vt. 否认，否定;拒绝承认，。

拒绝接受 (48)【原句背诵】There can be no denying that the technology will have a huge impact on everyday life.【拓展】

deny sth (to sb)/deny (sb) (sth) 拒绝;拒绝给予to deny a claim/a charge/an accusation 否认某种说法╱指控╱指责There is no denying (the fact) that….不可否认……。

【同义词】refuse v. 拒绝，回绝;拒绝给，拒绝接受 decline vt. 谢绝;婉拒【误区】表示“拒绝做某事”，要用deny doing sth;也可以使用refuse/decline to do sth。

The women driver denied all knowledge of the accident. 女司机矢口否认知晓事故的情况The department denies responsibility for what occurred. 这个部门拒绝为所发生的事承担责任。

They were denied access to the information. 他们试图取得这个情报被拒Access to the information was denied to them. 他们无法得到这个情报。

It can’t be denied that we need to devote more resources to this problem. 无可否认，我们必须投入更多的资源来解决这个问题There’s no denying (the fact) that quicker action could have saved them. 无可否认，如果行动快一点，本来是救得了他们的。

18. quantity /ˈkwɒntəti/ n. 数量;大量 (49)in large quantities 大量，大批 (49)【原句背诵】Take air traffic for example. When passenger drones are flying above our cities in large quantities, the sky

(2) will be getting more and more crowded. As a result, they are more likely to crash into each other.

【拓展】a large/small quantity of sth 大量╱小量的…enormous/vast/huge quantities of food 大量的食物in quantity 大量a great quantity of(接可数或不可数)大量

quantities of 许多……quality and quantity 质量和数量【误区1】当a (large/great/small) quantity of修饰不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数;但是当其修饰复数名词时，谓语动词用复数。

当quantities of修饰名词(不论可数还是不可数)时，谓语动词一律用复数【误区2】the quantity of修饰名词(不论可数还是不可数)时，谓语动词用单数The police found a quantity of drugs at his home. 警察在他家发现了大量毒品。

It’s cheaper to buy goods in quantity. 大宗购物比较便宜I was overwhelmed by the sheer quantity of information available. 已有的信息量大得令我不知所措。

After some initial problems, vaccines for COVID-19 viruses were successfully produced in quantity/in large quantities. 解决了最初的一些问题后，新冠病毒疫苗成功地大批量生产。

The quantity of chemical pollutants has increased exponentially. 化学污染物的数量已经急剧上升19. spy /spaɪ/ vi. 从事间谍活动 vt. 突然看见n. 间谍 (49)。

spy on 暗中监视，窥探 (49)【原句背诵】For instance, as more people (4)will be using drones for photography in the future, some might spy on and take photographs of others without their knowledge.

His work as a civil servant was a cover for his activities as a spy. 他以公务员的工作作为搞间谍活动的掩护Video spy cameras are being used in public places. 隐蔽的摄像机在监视着公共场所。

Social media allows government agencies to spy on their own citizens. 社交媒体允许政府机构监视他们自己的公民Then, he must spy on her father, a scientist who has developed a dangerous technology.。

他必须监视他的父亲，因为他父亲是一名科学家，已经研发了一项危险技术20. illegal /ɪˈliːɡl/ adj. 不合法的，非法的 (49)【原句背诵】Illegal hunters might also use drones to track and kill animals.。

【拓展】illegally adv. 非法地illegality n. 违法;[法] 非法行为;犯规illegalize vt. 使成为非法;宣布…为非法;使违规illegal drugs 毒品【反义词】legal adj. 法律的;合法的;法定的;依照法律的

It’s illegal to drive through a red light. 开车闯红灯是违章行为It is illegal to intercept radio messages. 窃听无线电信息是违法的。

They have persistently denied claims of illegal dealing. 他们一再否认进行非法交易的说法21. licence /ˈlaɪsns/ n. (AmE license) 许可证，执照 (49)。

【原句背诵】For example, in some countries, a remote pilotlicence is required in order to fly a drone for business purposes.

【拓展】a driving licence 驾驶执照a licence for the software 软件许可证a business licence 营业执照a licence plate 汽车牌照

You need a licence to fish in this river. 你在这条河里钓鱼要有许可证The judge fined the man and suspended his licence. 法官罚了那个人的款，并且吊销了他的执照。

The company has applied to the FDA for a licence to sell the drug. 该公司已向美国食品及药品管理局申请了销售药物的许可证22. bury /ˈberi/ vt. 埋藏;埋葬，安葬;覆盖;。

遮盖;使陷入 (51)【原句背诵】The time capsule, buried 50 feet below the ground in a park, was designed to be opened in the year 6939.

【拓展】bury oneself in (doing) sth专心致志于…be buried in 沉思;埋头于;全神贯注于…bury oneself in the country 隐居The writer buried herself in the country to write a book. 作家隐居乡间写书。

Latest reports say that mud slides buried several entire villages. 最新的报道说泥石流吞没了好几个村庄They make the charcoal by burying wood in the ground and then slowly burning it. 他们制作木炭时要把木头埋进地里，然后让它慢慢燃烧。

He walked slowly, his hands buried in his pockets. 他双手插在口袋里缓步而行She always has her head buried in a book. 她总是埋头读书。

Since he graduated from college, he’s buried himself in his work. 自他大学毕业以后，他全心扑在工作上23. conclude /kənˈkluːd/ vt. & vi. 断定，推断出;达成，订立;(使)结束，终止 (51)。

24. justified /ˈdʒʌstɪfaɪd/ adj. 合乎情理的，事出有因的;有正当理由的 (51)25. superiority /suːˌpɪəriˈɒrəti/ n. 优越感;优越性，优势 (51)

【原句背诵】He mentioned a few social problems before concluding that he believed future generations would read his message with “a feeling of proud and justified superiority”.

【拓展】conclude sth (from sth)conclude (from sth) that...(不用于进行时) 断定;推断出;得出结论conclude (sth) with… 以…结束conclude a contract 订立合同

conclude an agreement 达成协议to conclude 最后;总之;结束conclusion n. 结论;总结;结局justify vi. 证明合法;整理版面vt. 证明……是正当的;替……辩护

have superiority (in sth)/(to/over sth/sb) 优越(性);优势superior adj. 上级的;优秀的，出众的;高傲的n. 上级，长官;优胜者，高手;长者So what can we conclude from this debate?

那么从这场辩论中我们能推断出什么呢?The report concluded (that) the cheapest option was to close the laboratory. 这份报告认为代价最低廉的选择是关闭实验室。

He concluded from their remarks that they were not in favour of the plan. 他从他们的话语中推断出他们不赞同此项计划The evening concluded with dinner and speeches. 这个夜晚以晚宴和演讲告一段落。

A trade agreement was concluded between the two countries. 两国之间签署了贸易协定The customer felt fully justified in asking for her money back. 顾客认为有充分的理由要求退款。

Technical superiority and security are the top benefits cited. 技术优势和安全才是得到引证的最重要的利益26. virtual /ˈvɜːtʃuəl/ adj. 虚拟的，模拟的;。

很接近的，事实上的 (53)27. at the forefront /ˈfɔːfrʌnt/ of 处于最前列，进入重要地位 (53)【原句背诵】Virtual realityFrank, you’ve been working at the forefront of developments in virtual reality for many years. Can you tell us what virtual reality is and how it works?

【拓展】virtual reality 虚拟现实virtuality n. 虚拟性;实质virtually adv. 事实上，几乎;实质上virtualization n. [计] 虚拟化New technology has enabled development of an online’virtual library’. 新技术已经使在线“虚拟图书馆”的发展成为可能。

Up to four players can compete in a virtual world of role playing. 最多能有4个人可以在虚拟世界中扮演角色进行角逐The country was sliding into a state of virtual civil war. 这个国家实际上正逐渐进入内战状态。

One day virtual reality will revolutionize the entertainment industry. 有朝一日虚拟现实将给娱乐业带来一场革命The new product took the company to the forefront of the computer software field. 该新产品使这家公司跻身计算机软件业的前列。

Women have always been at the forefront of the Green movement. 妇女总是在环境保护运动的最前列28. definition /ˌdefɪˈnɪʃn/ n. 定义;释义，解释 (53)。

【原句背诵】Of course. The basic definition of VR lies in the name itself, which means“reality that is not real”.

【拓展】define vt. 定义;使明确;规定define…as…把…定义为;给…下的定义是definite adj. 一定的;确切的definitely adv. 清楚地，当然;明确地，肯定地There is no general agreement on a standard definition of intelligence. 对智力的标准定义意见不统一。

To give a definition of a word is more difficult than to give an illustration of its use. 给一个词下定义要比举例说明它的用法困难得多。

The simplest definition of success is to set out to do something and to succeed in doing it.成功最简单的定义就是着手去做一件事，并成功地完成它。

We define education very broadly and students can study any aspect of its consequences for society. 我们对教育的定义很宽泛，学生们可以研究它对社会任何一面的影响。

29. practical /ˈpræktɪkl/ adj. 实际的，真实的;切实可行的;有用的;实事求是的 (53)【原句背诵】Thanks, Frank. Can you give some examples of the practical applications VR has?

【拓展】practical application 实际应用practical experience 实务经验，实践经验，实际经验practical advice/help/support 切实的忠告╱帮助╱支持

practical problems 实际问题practically adv. 实际地;几乎;事实上practicality n. 实用性，实际性;实际，实例practice n. 实践;练习;惯例vt. & vi. 练习;实习;实行

There are some obvious practical applications of the research. 这项研究有一些明显的实际用途In practical terms, saving money means spending less. 具体点说，省钱就是少花些钱。

From a practical point of view, it isn’t a good place to live. 实际一点看，这里不是理想的住处Although the causes of cancer are being uncovered, we do not yet have any practical way to prevent it. 尽管癌症的病因正被揭开，但我们还没有任何预防它的有效的方法。

30. a host of 许多，大量 (53)【原句背诵】I’d love to. There are a host of educational applications.【误区】a host of常用来修饰复数名词，但是这个结构做主语，表示整体意义时，谓语动词常用单数形式。

There’s a host of fans of the series who are upset with the way the film turned out. 很多影迷都对这部电影的结局感到不满。

Obesity is associated with a host of health problems. 肥胖症往往与许多健康问题有关The study opens up a host of questions for future research. 这项研究为今后的科研拓展了广阔的空间。

31. academic /ˌækəˈdemɪk/ adj. 教学的，学术的;学习良好的;纯理论的 (53)【原句背诵】Academic VR enables students to interact with others in a three-D environment.

【拓展】academic research/study 学术研究academic circles 学术界academic achievement 学业成就;学业成academic performance 学习成绩;学业表现;学术成就

academy n. 学院;研究院;学会;专科院校academy awards (美国)电影艺术科学院年奖;奥斯卡金像奖academy of sciences 科学院academy of arts 艺术学院

The students return in October for the start of the new academic year. 学生于十月返校，开始新学年的学习She wasn’t very academic and hated school. 她学习不怎么样，而且讨厌上学。

The author has settled for a more academic approach. 该作者已经确定了一种更学术的方法32. engage /ɪnˈɡeɪdʒ/ vt. & vi. 吸引住(注意力、兴趣);雇用，聘用;与…建立密切关系 (53)。

【原句背诵】By delivering the content in a meaningful way,this new approach to learning manages to engage students’ interest and enhance learning efficiency.

【拓展】engage sb (as sth) 雇用;聘用engage (with sth/sb) 与…建立密切关系;尽力理解engage oneself/sb in…be/get engaged in…(使)从事，参加

engagement n. 婚约;约会;交战;诺言;进场It is a movie that engages both the mind and the eye. 这是一部令人赏心悦目的影片They never learned skills to engage the attention of the others. 他们从来没有学过吸引别人注意的技巧。

In the theory, interactive advertising can engage viewers in a way that 30-second spots do not. 从理论上讲，互动广告可以吸引观众，而30秒的广告不行。

According to the results of the survey, only 15% of people would engage in regular exercise. 根据调查结果，只有15%的人会定期锻炼。

33. barrier /ˈbæriə(r)/ n. 障碍，阻力;屏障，障碍物;分界线，隔阂 (54)【原句背诵】I can’t wait! However, as with any technology, there must be some barriers to the development of VR, I guess?

【拓展】a barrier to…障碍;阻力;关卡a barrier between A and Ba barrier against sth 分界线;屏障;隔阂Lack of confidence is a psychological barrier to success. 缺乏信心是阻碍成功的心理因素。

Ozone is the earth’s barrier against ultra-violet radiation. 臭氧是地球防止紫外线辐射的屏障There was no real barrier between reality and fantasy in his mind. 在他的头脑中，现实与幻想之间没有真正的界线。

34. boil down to 归结为，基本问题是 (54)【原句背诵】It really boils down to three things—time, cost and technical limitations.

What they want boils down to just one thing. It is land. 他们想要的归根结底只有一样东西，那就是土地His reasons for not wanting to go all boil down to the fact that he doesn’t have enough money. 他不想去的全部理由可以归结为：他没有足够的钱。

35. expense /ɪkˈspens/ n. 费用;开销;开支 (55)at the expense of 在牺牲(或损害)…的情况下 (55)【原句背诵】All this technology does not come at the

expense of fashion.【拓展】at one’s expense由某人付钱;由某人负担费用;以某人为代价;跟某人开玩笑put sb to the expense of (doing) sth使某人花钱(于…);使某人负担费用

expensive adj. 昂贵的;花钱的The results are well worth the expense. 有这些结果花的钱很值She always travels first-class regardless of expense. 无论费用多高她总是乘头等舱旅行。

The garden was transformed at great expense. 花园改建花了一大笔费用According to this study, women have made notable gains at the expense of men. 根据这项研究，女性以牺牲男性的利益为代价而取得了显著收益。

He built up the business at the expense of his health. 他以自己的健康为代价逐步建立起这个企业。