1. critical /ˈkrɪtɪkl/ adj. 批评的，批判性的;

关键的;危急的 (2)

【原句背诵】

The two news reports and the article below encourage you to be a critical news reader.

Be a critical news reader!

【拓展】

critical of sb/sth 批评的;批判性的;挑剔的

a critical comment/report 批判性的评论╱报道

a critical factor in the election campaign 竞选活动的关键因素

a critical moment in our country’s history 我国历史上的危急关头

critically adv. 危急地;严重地;批评地

critic n. 批评家;评论家;爱挑剔的人

criticize vt. 批评;评论;非难 vi. 批评;评论;苛求

criticism n. 批评;批判;考证;苛求

Tom’s parents were highly critical of the school. 汤姆的父母对学校提出了强烈的批评。

Reducing levels of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is of critical importance. 减少大气中的二氧化碳含量极其重要。

The final decision is critical to our future. 最终决定对我们的未来至关重要。

Students should be encouraged to develop critical thinking instead of accepting opinions without questioning them. 应该鼓励学生培养判断力，而非不加质疑地接受各种观点。

2. trap /træp/ vt. 使落入险境;卡住，绊住

n. 陷阱，罗网;圈套;困境，牢笼 (2)

【原句背诵】

The fire, which is thought to have started from

the 8th floor, spread quickly through the tower block on Sunday night, leaving people on the upper floors trapped.

【拓展】

trap sb (into sth/into doing sth) 使陷入圈套;使中计;使上当

set a trap设陷阱

fall into a trap 落入陷阱

【误区】trap的过去式和过去分词，要双写字母p。

Some of the villagers became trapped by the rising floodwater. 几个村民被上涨的洪水困住了。

The locals were encouraged to trap and kill mice to stop the spread of the virus. 当地人被鼓励用捕捉器捕杀老鼠以阻止病毒的传播。

The government has found that it’s caught in a trap of its own making. 政府已经发现其陷入了自己造成的困境中。

She had set a trap for him and he had walked straight into it. 她给他设下圈套，他就径直钻了进去。

3. release /rɪˈliːs/ vt. 发布;释放;松开;发泄n. 释放;发行;排放，泄漏 (2)

【原句背诵】

Fears grew that the number of deaths could reach 5, according to figures released by emergency services.

【拓展】

release sb/sth (from sth) 释放;放出;放走

release sb (from sth) 免除，解除(某人的职责、责任、合同等);解雇

the release (of sb) (from sth) 释放;获释

the latest new releases 最新发行的产品

the release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere 二氧化碳向大气层的排放

a sense of release after the exam 考试后的解脱感

Firefighters took two hours to release the driver from the wreckage. 消防队员花了两个小时将司机从汽车残骸中救出来。

The media not releasing any more details yet.

媒体还不准备发布更多详情。

She burst into tears, releasing all her pent-up(压抑的)emotions. 她放声大哭，释放出长期压抑的情感。

The new software is planned for release in April. 新软件计划四月份发行。

Our therapeutic style offers release from stored tensions, traumas, and grief. 我们的治疗方式意在解除蓄积的压力、创伤和悲痛。

4. extend /ɪkˈstend/ vi. & vt. 延伸(距离);

扩大;延长;伸展 (2)

【原句背诵】

By this time, the fire had extended to the 15th floor.

【拓展】

to extend a fence/road/house 扩建护栏╱公路╱房子

to extend a deadline/visa 延长最后期限╱签证

to extend a rope between two posts 在两根柱子间拉根绳子

to extend an invitation 发出邀请

extensive adj. 广泛的;大量的;广阔的

extension n. 拓展;延伸;接发;(医学)牵引;(计算机)拓展名;(逻辑)外延

There are plans to extend the no-smoking area. 现已有扩大无烟区的计划。

Careful maintenance can extend the life of your car. 精心保养可延长汽车寿命。

The company plans to extend its operations into Europe and Africa. 公司打算将业务扩展到欧洲和非洲。

The service also extends to wrapping and delivering gifts. 这项服务还包括包装及递送礼物。

This year they have introduced three new products to extend their range. 今年他们已引入了3种新产品以扩大他们的范围。

5. construction /kənˈstrʌkʃn/ n. 建筑，建造;

建造物 (2)

【原句背诵】

There is concern that the construction company that built the tower block had not followed fire safety rules.

【拓展】

in/under construction 在建造中;正在施工之中

in the construction of 建筑

construction technology 施工技术，建筑技术;建筑施工;建筑工艺学

economic construction 经济建设

infrastructure construction 基础设施;基础设施建设

construct v. 建造，修建(某物，尤指建筑物，公路，机器);组成，创建;形成(观念，理论)n. 构想，概念;编造，杜撰;建造物，构筑物

【反义词】destruction n. 破坏，毁坏;摧毁

Work has begun on the construction of the new airport in Xiong’an. 雄安新机场的建设已经开工。

The new offices are still under construction (= being built). 新办公楼尚在修建中。

The summer house was a simple wooden construction. 那座避暑别墅是简单的木结构建筑。

6. dozen /ˈdʌzn/ n. 许多;(一)打;十来个 (2)

dozens of 很多，许多 (2)

【原句背诵】

The fire has also left dozens of people injured, 5 of whom are in a critical condition.

【拓展】

by the dozen成打地;按打计算

two dozen eggs 两打鸡蛋

three dozen red roses 三打红玫瑰

several dozen/a few dozen people 数十╱几十个人

【比较】two dozen eggs和two dozen of the eggs

【误区1】具体数字修饰dozen时，它要用单数形式。如：three dozen years

【误区2】特别词汇表示具体数字的还有：score二十;decade十年;fortnight两星期;十四天 anniversary 一周年;hundred一百

The company employs no more than a couple of dozen people. 这个公司顶多雇用了几十个人。

The storm in July this year destroyed dozens of homes and buildings. 今年7月份的暴雨毁坏了许多房屋和建筑物。

Tom has been to the Great Wall dozens of times. 汤姆去过长城很多次。

Eggs are sold by the dozen in the mall. 超市鸡蛋按打出售。

7. minor /ˈmaɪnə(r)/ adj. 轻微的，次要的 (2)

【原句背诵】

Lisa Mayer, 29, is among the lucky ones who only suffered minor injuries.

【拓展】

a minor road 小路

minor injuries 轻伤

to undergo minor surgery 做小手术

minority n. 少数;少数派;少数民族

【反义词】major adj. 主要的;重要的;主修的

There may be some minor changes to the schedule. 时间安排也许会有些小小的变动。

She is known in Italy for a number of minor roles in films. 她因担任电影中一些配角而闻名意大利。

Every day of our lives we encounter major and minor stresses of one kind or another. 生活中的每一天，我们会遇到或大或小的这样那样的压力。

9. come about 发生 (3)

【原句背诵】

We rely on news to learn about what is happening in the world around us. However, we usually find that reports on the same events contain different or even contradictory information. How do these differences come about?

【拓展】

come across v. 偶遇;无意中发现;讲得清楚明白;[口]给人…印象

come back 回来;记起;恢复原状，重新流行

come down 下来，降落;流传下来;倒塌;落泊，失势

come on v. 快点;开始;要求;上演;跟着来;突然产生

come out 出现;出版;结果是

come out of v. 由...产生;从...出来

come up 走近;发生;开始;上升;发芽;被提出

come up with 提出;想出;赶上

How did this unhappy state of affairs come about? 这种不幸的情况是怎么发生的呢?

The peace agreement came about through intense pressure by the international community. 该和平协议是在国际社会的强大压力下产生的。

The expected boost in business promotion has not come about. 人们所期待的商业促销并未实现。

The professor spoke for a long time but his meaning didn’t really come across. 教授讲了很久，但并没有人真正理解他的意思。

When is her new novel coming out? 她的新小说何时出版?

She came up with a new idea for increasing sales. 她想出了增加销售量的一个新招儿。

10. journalist /ˈdʒɜːnəlɪst/ n. 新闻记者，新闻

工作者 (3)

11. priority /praɪˈɒrəti/ n. 优先事项，首要事情;优先权，重点 (3)

【原句背诵】

It is advisable to remember that journalists may have different priorities, which would influence how they report an event.

【拓展】

journal n. 日报，杂志;日记;分类账

journalism n. 新闻业，新闻工作;报章杂志

prior adj.(时间、顺序等)先前的;优先的

prior to…在前面的

prioritize v. 按优先顺序列出，确定 (任务) 优先顺序;优先处理，优先考虑

There is no doubt that she has the makings of a successful journalist. 毫无疑问，她具备成为一名成功记者的素质。

Education is a top priority. 教育是当务之急。

Our first priority is to improve standards. 我们的头等大事是提高水平。

The search for a new vaccine for COVID-19 viruses will take priority over all other medical research. 在所有医学研究中，新冠病毒疫苗的研究将占据首位。

12. instance /ˈɪnstəns/ n. 例子，事例 (3)

for instance 例如，比如 (3)

13. differ /ˈdɪfə(r)/ vi. 相异;意见相左 (3)

【原句背诵】

For instance, the numbers of deaths differ in the two news reports on the Henderson Tower fire.

【拓展】

in the first instance 第一;首先

differ from和……不同

differ in 不同在;在…方面存在不同

differ (with sb) (about/on/over sth) 意见相左;持不同看法;不同意

be different from和……不同

difference n. 差异;差别;不同

The report highlights a number of instances of injustice. 这篇报道重点列举了一些不公正的实例。

For instance, some people believe that wearing glasses too soon weakens the eyes. 例如，有些人认为戴眼镜也会慢慢使视力变差。

In the first instance, notify(通知)the police and then contact your insurance company. 首先是报警，然后与保险公司联系。

Ideas on childcare may differ considerably between the parents. 在抚育儿童方面父母的观点可能迥然不同。

Medical opinion differs as to how to treat the disease. 如何治疗这种疾病，医学界有不同的看法。

14. conclusion /kənˈkluːʒn/ n. 结论，推论;

结束，结果;签订，达成 (3)

15. false /fɔːls/ adj.错误的，不真实的;非天生的;假的，伪造的;不真诚的 (3)

【原句背诵】

When we come across such factual differences, we should not rush to the conclusion that one of the news reports gives false information.

【拓展】

reach/arrive at/come to a/the conclusion 得出结论;达成协议

draw a/the conclusion 得出结论;推断

bring to a conclusion vt. 结束(使终止);谈定(买卖等)

jump/leap to (the) conclusion (that) 匆忙下结论;贸然断定

rush to a conclusion 匆忙下结论

in conclusion in conclusion 总之;最后

conclude vt. 推断;决定，作结论;结束

vi. 推断;断定;决定

a false argument/assumption/belief 错误的论据╱假设╱信念

to give a false impression of wealth 给人以富有的假象

At the conclusion of the programme, I asked the children if they had any questions they wanted to ask me. 节目结束时我问孩子们是否有要问我的问题。

It took the jury(陪审团)some time to reach the conclusion that the charged was guilty. 陪审团花了很长时间才得出结论认为被告人有罪。

In conclusion, walking is a cheap, safe, enjoyable, and readily available form of exercise. 综上所述，散步是一种廉价、安全、有趣而又随时可以开展的运动形式。

He concluded from their remarks that they were not in favour of the plan. 他从他们的话语中推断出他们不赞同此项计划。

Predictions of an early improvement in the housing market proved false. 认为房屋市场很快就有好转的预测结果证明是错误的。

She gave false information to the insurance company. 她向保险公司提供了虚假的资料。

16. bring sth to light 揭露，披露 (3)

【原句背诵】

News reports written at different stages of an event could contain different information as new facts are brought to light.

【拓展】

bring about 引起;[航]使掉头

bring forward 提出;提前;结转

bring up 提出;教育;养育;呕出;[航](船等)停下

bring in 引进;生产;增加

bring out 出版，生产;使显示;说出

bring back 拿回来;使…恢复;使…回忆起来

bring down 降低;打倒，打死;击落

bring into effect 实施;实行;使生效

bring an end to vt. 结束，使完结

【误区】come to light常作用不及物动词词组。

These facts have only just been brought to light. 这些事实刚刚才被披露出来。

The aim of grammatical research is to bring to light the inner connection between the form and the content of the expression. 语法研究的目的在于揭示语言的表达形式与表现内容的之间内在联系。

The politician wants to bring to light important issues that affect the community. 政客想要将那些影响社区的重要问题揭露出来。

New facts about ancient Egypt have recently come to light. 关于古代埃及的新事实最近被发现。

17. minimum /ˈmɪnɪməm/ n. 最小值，最少量

adj. 最低的，最小的 (3)

18. maximum /ˈmæksɪməm/ n. 最大量，最大限度 adj. 最高的，最多的 (3)

【原句背诵】

Suppose emergency services’ estimates of the number of deaths vary between 5 and 9. Journalists may choose to present the minimum, the maximum or something in between in their news reports.

【拓展】

a minimum charge/price 最低收费╱价格

the minimum age for retirement 退休的最低年龄

the maximum speed/temperature/volume 最快速度;最高气温;最大音量

minimize vt. 使减到最少;小看，极度轻视 vi. 最小化

maximize v. (使)增加到最大限度;充分利用;找到……的最高值;最大化

The work was done with the minimum amount of effort. 做这项工作没费什么劲。

You’re talking over a thousand dollars minimum for one course. 你们在讨论一门课程至少一千美元。

Temperatures will fall to a minimum of 10 degrees. 气温会降到最低点10度。

Under planning law the maximum height for a fence is 6 feet. 根据规定，栅栏的最高高度为6英尺。

I need the maximum amount of information you can give me. 我需要你所能给我的最大的信息量。

The job will require you to use all your skills to the maximum. 这项工作要求你最大限度地发挥你的技能。

19. committed /kəˈmɪtɪd/ adj. 尽心尽力的;承诺过的 (3)【参考词条36】

be committed to 致力于;承诺过 (3)

【原句背诵】

Though journalists are committed to presenting

the truth, it is better to use our own judgement than rely entirely on news reports.

【拓展】

a committed member of the team 忠于职守的队员

commit vt. 犯罪;把……交托给;指派……作战;使……承担义务;vi. 忠于(某个人、机构等);承诺

commit sb/oneself (to sth/to doing sth) 承诺，保证(做某事、遵守协议或遵从安排等)

commitment /kəˈmɪtmənt/ n. 献身，投入;

承诺，许诺;花费

【误区】在be committed to和commit…to…中，to是介词，其后要接名词、代词或动词-ing形式。

They are committed socialists. 他们是坚定的社会主义者。

The government is committed to reforming health care. 政府承诺要改革卫生保健制度。

I would advise people to think very carefully about committing themselves to working Sundays. 我会建议人们认真考虑答应周日工作。

20. discrimination /dɪˌskrɪmɪˈneɪʃn/ n. 辨别力，识别力;歧视，区别对待 (3)

【原句背诵】

With great discrimination, every one of us has the potential to be a critical news reader.

【拓展】

to learn discrimination between right and wrong 学会分辨是非

fine discriminations 细微区别

age/racial/sex/sexual discrimination (= because of sb’s age, race or sex) 年龄╱种族╱性别歧视

discrimination against the elderly 歧视老人

discriminate vt. 歧视;区别;辨别 vi. 区别;辨别

discriminate (between A and B)

discriminate A from B 区别;辨别;区分

【误区】多关注该词作“鉴赏力;辨别力”时的用法!

He showed great discrimination in his choice of friends. 他在择友方面颇具慧眼。

They cooked without skill and ate without discrimination. 他们做饭没厨艺，吃饭没品味。

Recent measures have not eliminated(消除) discrimination in employment. 最近的举措还未能根除就业歧视。

He is incapable of discriminating between a good idea and a terrible one. 他不能辨别好主意和坏主意。

21. curiosity /ˌkjʊəriˈɒsəti/ n. 好奇心，求知欲;奇物，珍品 (5)

【原句背诵】

Secondly, you must have a natural curiosity about things that are happening, even though they may appear to be (4) minor matters.

【拓展】

curiosity (about sth)/(to do sth) 好奇心;求知欲

out of curiosity 出于好奇心

intellectual curiosity 求知欲

arouse one’s curiosity 激发好奇心

curious adj. 好奇的;有求知欲的

be curious about sth/to do sth 求知欲强的;好奇的

【误区】关注形容词curious到名词curiosity的词形变化!

Children show curiosity about everything. 儿童对一切事物都显露出好奇心。

The letter wasn’t addressed to me but I opened it out of curiosity. 那封信不是写给我的，然而我却出于好奇把它拆开了。

The Louvre Museum is full of historical curiosities. 罗浮宫藏有许多珍奇历史文物。

Since the launch of Tianwen I Probe, people have become more curious about what is on the Mars. 自从“天问一号”探测器发射以来，人们更加好奇火星上有什么。

Everyone was curious as to why Mark was leaving. 马克为什么要离去，大家都感到好奇。

Tom is such a curious boy, always asking questions. 汤姆是求知欲很强的孩子，总是爱提问。

22. found /faʊnd/ vt. 创建，创办;建立，兴建 (6)

【原句背诵】

Pulitzer quickly became a successful journalist and by the age of 25, he had become a publisher. In 1878, he founded the newspaper the St Louis Post-Dispatch.

【拓展】

to found a club/company 创办俱乐部╱公司

found sth (on sth) 把…基于;把…建立在

foundation n. 创立;基础;根据;地基

founder n. 创立者;创办者;创始人

set up 建立;创立;开业;竖起

【误区】当found意思是“创建，创办;建立，兴建”时，其过去式和过去分词是规则变化founded, founded。而found又是动词find的过去式和过去分词。在具体场合使用时要注意!

Her family founded the college in 1895. 她的家族于1895年创办了这所学院。

Harvard University, which was founded in 1636, is the oldest university in the United States. 哈佛大学创办于1636年，是美国最古老的大学。

The town was founded by English settlers in 1790. 这座城镇是英格兰移民于1790年建立的。

23. persuade /pəˈsweɪd/ vt. 说服;使信服 (11)

【原句背诵】

But what is advertising exactly? In short, it refers to the activity of promoting a product or service. In other words, it tries to persuade you to buy a product or service.

【拓展】

persuade sb (into sth/into doing sth) 劝说;说服(某人)(做某事)

persuade sb out of sth劝说某人不做某事

persuade sb (not) to do sth劝说某人(不)做某事

persuasion n. 说服，劝说;信仰

【误区】persuade sb (not) to do sth表示的意义是“成功做某事”;如果表示“没有成功做某事”，要用advise sb (not) to do sth或try to persuade sb (not) to do sth，在具体使用时一定要注意!

Nothing on earth would persuade me to go with him. 无论什么都不能说服我跟他一块儿走。

Eisenhower used his muscle to persuade Congress to change the law. 艾森豪威尔施展了他的影响力来说服国会修改该法律。

I allowed myself to be persuaded into entering the competition. 我搁不住人家的劝说，就参加了比赛。

I am still not fully persuaded of the plan’s merits. 我还不能完全信服这个计划的优点

We had managed to persuade them that it was worth working with us. 我们已经设法使他们相信和我们一起共事是值得的。

We’re trying to persuade manufacturers to sell them here. 我们正试图说服制造商们在这里销售它们。

They tried in vain to persuade her to go. 他们极力劝说她去，但枉费了一番口舌。

24. get across 被传达，被理解，把…讲清楚 (12)

【原句背诵】

You will hear a variety of slogans any time you watch TV. Think about your favourite one. What makes it special? And what message does it try to get across?

【拓展】get (sth) across to sb让某人理解

【误区】get across既可以用作及物动词词组，也可以用作不及物动词词组。

Your meaning didn’t really get across. 你的意思并未真正为别人理解。

Did your speech get across to the audience?

你的演说听众都懂了吗?

You have to get across what it is about a particular area that has inspired you. 你必须弄清楚某个特定领域给你灵感的是什么。

John has a unique way to get across his opinion by using as few words as possible. 约翰有一种独特的方法，能够用尽可能少的词来表达他的观点。

25. absorb /əbˈzɔːb/ vt. 理解，掌握;吸收;

吸引全部注意力 (12)

【原句背诵】

We absorb these marketing messages without thinking about them too much, yet they probably have an effect on us the next time we go shopping.

【拓展】

absorb sb/oneself in (doing) sth 专心做某事

be absorbed in (doing) sth专心做某事

absorption n. 吸收;专注;全神贯注;专心致志

absorptive adj. 吸收性的;有吸收力的

【误区】注意从动词absorb到名词absorption的词形变化!

Plants absorb carbon dioxide from the air and moisture from the soil. 植物从空气中吸收二氧化碳，从泥土中吸收水分。

The cream is easily absorbed into the skin. 这种乳霜皮肤易吸收。

It’s a lot of information to absorb all at once. 要一下子消化这么多资料，真是很难。

The old man is absorbed in collecting famous paintings by celebrities. 老人专心收集名人的字画。

His work suffered because of his total absorption in sport. 他痴迷于体育运动而影响了工作。

26. brighten up(使)增添乐趣;(使)明亮 (13)

【原句背诵】

Students of a Nanjing senior high school brought joy to the elderly and brightened up their day by volunteering at a local nursing home last weekend.

Fresh flowers will brighten up any room in the house. 鲜花会使屋里的任何房间都亮丽生色。

The flash will brighten up people’s faces and make them stand out. 闪光可照亮人物的脸部，使其影相突出。

Most of the country should brighten up in the afternoon. 下午全国大部分地区天气都会转晴。

27. amuse /əˈmjuːz/ vt.(提供)消遣;逗笑 (13)

【原句背诵】

After lunch the residents and the young volunteers amused themselves with art activities which included Chinese painting and

calligraphy.

【拓展】

amuse sb with sth逗笑某人

amusement n. 消遣;娱乐;乐趣

amused adj. 被逗乐的;觉得好笑的

amusing adj. 有趣的，好玩的;引人发笑的

【误区】amused表示“被动”意义;amusing表示“主动”意义。

The robot is trying to amuse its customers.

这个机器人正设法逗顾客开心。

It’s a big place and you may go where you like and amuse yourself as you like. 这是一个大地方，你可以去你喜欢的地方，你喜欢怎么玩就怎么玩。

It amused him to think that they were probably talking about him at that very moment. 想到就在这会儿他们大概正在谈论他，他不禁笑了起来。